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AI features based on 3rd-party integrations

Introduced in GitLab 15.11.

Features

  • Async execution of the long running API requests
    • GraphQL Action starts the request
    • Background workers execute
    • GraphQL subscriptions deliver results back in real time
  • Abstraction for
    • Google Vertex AI
    • Anthropic
  • Rate Limiting
  • Circuit Breaker
  • Multi-Level feature flags
  • License checks on group level
  • Snowplow execution tracking
  • Tracking of Token Spent on Prometheus
  • Configuration for Moderation check of inputs
  • Automatic Markdown Rendering of responses
  • Centralised Group Level settings for experiment and 3rd party
  • Experimental API endpoints for exploration of AI APIs by GitLab team members without the need for credentials
    • Google Vertex AI
    • Anthropic

Feature flags

Apply the following feature flags to any AI feature work:

  • A general flag (ai_duo_chat_switch) that applies to all GitLab Duo Chat features.
  • A general flag (ai_global_switch) that applies to all other AI features.
  • A flag specific to that feature. The feature flag name must be different than the licensed feature name.

See the feature flag tracker epic for the list of all feature flags and how to use them.

Implement a new AI action

To implement a new AI action, connect to the preferred AI provider. You can connect to this API using either the:

  • Experimental REST API.
  • Abstraction layer.

All AI features are experimental.

Test self-managed AI features locally

See below

Test SaaS-only AI features locally

One-line setup

# Replace the <test-group-name> by the group name you want to enable GitLab Duo features. If the group doesn't exist, it creates a new one.
RAILS_ENV=development bundle exec rake gitlab:duo:setup['<test-group-name>']

Manual way

  1. Enable the required general feature flags:

    Feature.enable(:ai_duo_chat_switch, type: :ops)
Feature.enable(:ai_global_switch, type: :ops)

  2. Ensure you have followed the process to obtain an EE license for your local instance and you applied this license.

  3. Simulate the GDK to simulate SaaS and ensure the group you want to test has an Ultimate license

  4. Enable Experiment & Beta features

    1. Go to the group with the Ultimate license
    2. Group Settings > General -> Permissions and group features
    3. Enable Experiment & Beta features

  5. Enable the specific feature flag for the feature you want to test

  6. You can use Rake task rake gitlab:duo:enable_feature_flags to enable all feature flags that are assigned to group AI Framework

  7. Set the required access token. To receive an access token:

    1. For Vertex, follow the instructions below.
    2. For Anthropic, create an access request

Configure GCP Vertex access

In order to obtain a GCP service key for local development, follow the steps below:

  • Create a sandbox GCP project by visiting this page and following the instructions, or by requesting access to our existing group GCP project by using this template.
  • If you are using an individual GCP project, you may also need to enable the Vertex AI API:
    1. Visit welcome page, choose your project (e.g. jdoe-5d23dpe).
    2. Go to APIs & Services > Enabled APIs & services.
    3. Select + Enable APIs and Services.
    4. Search for Vertex AI API.
    5. Select Vertex AI API, then select Enable.
  • Install the gcloud CLI
  • Authenticate locally with GCP using the gcloud auth application-default login command.
  • Open the Rails console. Update the settings to:
# PROJECT_ID = "your-gcp-project-name"

Gitlab::CurrentSettings.update(vertex_ai_project: PROJECT_ID)

Configure Anthropic access

Gitlab::CurrentSettings.update!(anthropic_api_key: <insert API key>)

Embeddings database

Embeddings are generated through the VertexAI text embeddings API. The sections below explain how to populate embeddings in the DB or extract embeddings to be used in specs.

Set up

  1. Enable pgvector in GDK

  2. Enable the embedding database in GDK

      gdk config set gitlab.rails.databases.embedding.enabled true

  3. Run gdk reconfigure

  4. Run database migrations to create the embedding database

      RAILS_ENV=development bin/rails db:migrate

Populate

Seed your development database with the embeddings for GitLab Documentation using this Rake task:

RAILS_ENV=development bundle exec rake gitlab:llm:embeddings:vertex:seed

This Rake Task populates the embeddings database with a vectorized representation of all GitLab Documentation. The file the Rake Task uses as a source is a snapshot of GitLab Documentation at some point in the past and is not updated regularly. As a result, it is helpful to know that this seed task creates embeddings based on GitLab Documentation that is out of date. Slightly outdated documentation embeddings are sufficient for the development environment, which is the use-case for the seed task.

When writing or updating tests related to embeddings, you may want to update the embeddings fixture file:

RAILS_ENV=development bundle exec rake gitlab:llm:embeddings:vertex:extract_embeddings

Use embeddings in specs

The seed Rake Task populates the development database with embeddings for all GitLab Documentation. The extract_embeddings Rake Task populates a fixture file with a subset of embeddings.

The set of questions listed in the Rake Task itself determines which embeddings are pulled into the fixture file. For example, one of the questions is "How can I reset my password?" The extract_embeddings Task pulls the most relevant embeddings for this question from the development database (which has data from the seed Rake Task) and saves those embeddings in ee/spec/fixtures/vertex_embeddings. This fixture is used in tests related to embeddings.

If you would like to change any of the questions supported in embeddings specs, update and re-run the extract_embeddings Rake Task.

In the specs where you need to use the embeddings, use the RSpec :ai_embedding_fixtures metadata.

context 'when asking about how to use GitLab', :ai_embedding_fixtures do
  # ...examples
end

Tips for local development

  1. When responses are taking too long to appear in the user interface, consider restarting Sidekiq by running gdk restart rails-background-jobs. If that doesn't work, try gdk kill and then gdk start.
  2. Alternatively, bypass Sidekiq entirely and run the chat service synchronously. This can help with debugging errors as GraphQL errors are now available in the network inspector instead of the Sidekiq logs. To do that temporary alter Llm::CompletionWorker.perform_async statements with Llm::CompletionWorker.perform_inline

Working with GitLab Duo Chat

View guidelines for working with GitLab Duo Chat.

Test AI features with AI Gateway locally

In order to develop an AI feature that is compatible with both SaaS and Self-managed GitLab instances, the feature must request to the AI Gateway instead of directly requesting to the 3rd party model providers. Therefore, a different setup is required from the SaaS-only AI features.

Setup

  1. Setup CustomersDot:

    1. Install CustomersDot: internal video tutorial
      • This video loosely follows official installation steps
      • It also offers guidance on how to create a self-managed subscription. You will receive a cloud activation code in return.
        • Bookmark this link for creating Ultimate Self-Managed Subscription locally.
        • A list of other subscription plan ids are available here.

  2. Setup GitLab Development Kit (GDK): internal video tutorial

    1. Install it as a separate GDK instance.

    2. Run gdk config set license.customer_portal_url 'http://localhost:5000'

    3. Set up gdk.test hostname.

    4. Follow Instruct your local CustomersDot instance to use the GitLab application

    5. Activate GitLab Enterprise license

    6. Export these environment variables in the same terminal session with gdk start:

      • Note that you can also configure your terminal always export the environment variables (e.g. adding the exports to ~/.bash_profile or ~/.zshrc).
      export AI_GATEWAY_URL=http://0.0.0.0:5052 # URL to the local AI Gateway instance
export LLM_DEBUG=1                        # Enable debug logging

      Alternatively, you can create an env.runit file in the root of your GDK with the above snippet.

    7. Enable all AI feature flags:

    rake gitlab:duo:enable_feature_flags

  3. Set up AI Gateway: internal video tutorial

    1. Install it.

    2. Ensure that the following environment variables are set in the .env file:

      AIGW_AUTH__BYPASS_EXTERNAL=true
ANTHROPIC_API_KEY="[REDACTED]"        # IMPORTANT: Ensure you use Corp account. See https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/435911#note_1701762954.

    3. (Optional) Configure OIDC if needed.

    4. Run poetry run ai_gateway.

    5. Visit OpenAPI playground (http://0.0.0.0:5052/docs), try an endpoint (e.g. /v1/chat/agent) and make sure you get a successful response. If something went wrong, check modelgateway_debug.log if it contains error information.

You are set, and should be able to verify AI feature by calling the following in GitLab-Rails console:

Gitlab::Llm::AiGateway::Client.new(User.first).stream(prompt: "\n\nHuman: Hi, how are you?\n\nAssistant:")

Verify the setup with GraphQL

  1. Visit GraphQL explorer.

  2. Execute the aiAction mutation. Here is an example:

    mutation {
  aiAction(
    input: {
      chat: {
        resourceId: "gid://gitlab/User/1",
        content: "Hello"
      }
    }
  ){
    requestId
    errors
  }
}

  3. (GitLab Duo Chat only) Execute the following query to fetch the response:

    query {
  aiMessages {
    nodes {
      requestId
      content
      role
      timestamp
      chunkId
      errors
    }
  }
}

    If you can't fetch the response, check graphql_json.log, sidekiq_json.log, llm.log or modelgateway_debug.log if it contains error information.

Set OIDC provider in AI Gateway

  1. Configure AI Gateway:
    1. Set the OIDC provider URLs. Make sure to adapt to the domain you use. Note that you can choose to only set either GitLab SaaS instance or CDot as a provider.
    2. Restart AI Gateway.
  2. If GitLab instance is set as a provider, you need to configure GDK to run in SaaS mode:

    1. Export the following environment variables:

      export GITLAB_SIMULATE_SAAS=1 # Simulate a SaaS instance. See https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/development/ee_features.html#simulate-a-saas-instance.

    2. Restart GDK.

Experimental REST API

Use the experimental REST API endpoints to quickly experiment and prototype AI features.

The endpoints are:

  • https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/ai/experimentation/anthropic/complete
  • https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/ai/experimentation/vertex/chat

These endpoints are only for prototyping, not for rolling features out to customers.

In your local development environment, you can experiment with these endpoints locally with the feature flag enabled:

Feature.enable(:ai_experimentation_api)

On production, the experimental endpoints are only available to GitLab team members. Use a GitLab API token to authenticate.

Abstraction layer

GraphQL API

To connect to the AI provider API using the Abstraction Layer, use an extendable GraphQL API called aiAction. The input accepts key/value pairs, where the key is the action that needs to be performed. We only allow one AI action per mutation request.

Example of a mutation:

mutation {
  aiAction(input: {summarizeComments: {resourceId: "gid://gitlab/Issue/52"}}) {
    clientMutationId
  }
}

As an example, assume we want to build an "explain code" action. To do this, we extend the input with a new key, explainCode. The mutation would look like this:

mutation {
  aiAction(input: {explainCode: {resourceId: "gid://gitlab/MergeRequest/52", code: "foo() { console.log() }" }}) {
    clientMutationId
  }
}

The GraphQL API then uses the Anthropic Client to send the response.

How to receive a response

The API requests to AI providers are handled in a background job. We therefore do not keep the request alive and the Frontend needs to match the request to the response from the subscription.

WARNING: Determining the right response to a request can cause problems when only userId and resourceId are used. For example, when two AI features use the same userId and resourceId both subscriptions will receive the response from each other. To prevent this intereference, we introduced the clientSubscriptionId.

To match a response on the aiCompletionResponse subscription, you can provide a clientSubscriptionId to the aiAction mutation.

  • The clientSubscriptionId should be unique per feature and within a page to not interfere with other AI features. We recommend to use a UUID.
  • Only when the clientSubscriptionId is provided as part of the aiAction mutation, it will be used for broadcasting the aiCompletionResponse.
  • If the clientSubscriptionId is not provided, only userId and resourceId are used for the aiCompletionResponse.

As an example mutation for summarizing comments, we provide a randomId as part of the mutation:

mutation {
  aiAction(input: {summarizeComments: {resourceId: "gid://gitlab/Issue/52"}, clientSubscriptionId: "randomId"}) {
    clientMutationId
  }
}

In our component, we then listen on the aiCompletionResponse using the userId, resourceId and clientSubscriptionId ("randomId"):

subscription aiCompletionResponse($userId: UserID, $resourceId: AiModelID, $clientSubscriptionId: String) {
  aiCompletionResponse(userId: $userId, resourceId: $resourceId, clientSubscriptionId: $clientSubscriptionId) {
    content
    errors
  }
}

Note that the subscription for chat behaves differently.

To not have many concurrent subscriptions, you should also only subscribe to the subscription once the mutation is sent by using skip().

Current abstraction layer flow

The following graph uses VertexAI as an example. You can use different providers.

flowchart TD
A[GitLab frontend] -->B[AiAction GraphQL mutation]
B --> C[Llm::ExecuteMethodService]
C --> D[One of services, for example: Llm::GenerateSummaryService]
D -->|scheduled| E[AI worker:Llm::CompletionWorker]
E -->F[::Gitlab::Llm::Completions::Factory]
F -->G[`::Gitlab::Llm::VertexAi::Completions::...` class using `::Gitlab::Llm::Templates::...` class]
G -->|calling| H[Gitlab::Llm::VertexAi::Client]
H --> |response| I[::Gitlab::Llm::GraphqlSubscriptionResponseService]
I --> J[GraphqlTriggers.ai_completion_response]
J --> K[::GitlabSchema.subscriptions.trigger]

How to implement a new action

Register a new method

Go to the Llm::ExecuteMethodService and add a new method with the new service class you will create.

class ExecuteMethodService < BaseService
  METHODS = {
    # ...
    amazing_new_ai_feature: Llm::AmazingNewAiFeatureService
  }.freeze

Create a Service

  1. Create a new service under ee/app/services/llm/ and inherit it from the BaseService.
  2. The resource is the object we want to act on. It can be any object that includes the Ai::Model concern. For example it could be a Project, MergeRequest, or Issue.
# ee/app/services/llm/amazing_new_ai_feature_service.rb

module Llm
  class AmazingNewAiFeatureService < BaseService
    private

    def perform
      ::Llm::CompletionWorker.perform_async(user.id, resource.id, resource.class.name, :amazing_new_ai_feature)
      success
    end

    def valid?
      super && Ability.allowed?(user, :amazing_new_ai_feature, resource)
    end
  end
end

Authorization

We recommend to use policies to deal with authorization for a feature. Currently we need to make sure to cover the following checks:

  1. For GitLab Duo Chat feature, ai_duo_chat_switch is enabled
  2. For other general AI features, ai_global_switch is enabled
  3. Feature specific feature flag is enabled
  4. The namespace has the required license for the feature
  5. User is a member of the group/project
  6. experiment_features_enabled settings are set on the Namespace

For our example, we need to implement the allowed?(:amazing_new_ai_feature) call. As an example, you can look at the Issue Policy for the summarize comments feature. In our example case, we want to implement the feature for Issues as well:

# ee/app/policies/ee/issue_policy.rb

module EE
  module IssuePolicy
    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
    prepended do
      with_scope :global
      condition(:ai_available) do
        ::Feature.enabled?(:ai_global_switch, type: :ops)
      end

      with_scope :subject
      condition(:amazing_new_ai_feature_enabled) do
        ::Feature.enabled?(:amazing_new_ai_feature, subject_container) &&
          subject_container.licensed_feature_available?(:amazing_new_ai_feature)
      end

      rule do
        ai_available & amazing_new_ai_feature_enabled & is_project_member
      end.enable :amazing_new_ai_feature
    end
  end
end

Pairing requests with responses

Because multiple users' requests can be processed in parallel, when receiving responses, it can be difficult to pair a response with its original request. The requestId field can be used for this purpose, because both the request and response are assured to have the same requestId UUID.

Caching

AI requests and responses can be cached. Cached conversation is being used to display user interaction with AI features. In the current implementation, this cache is not used to skip consecutive calls to the AI service when a user repeats their requests.

query {
  aiMessages {
    nodes {
      id
      requestId
      content
      role
      errors
      timestamp
    }
  }
}

This cache is especially useful for chat functionality. For other services, caching is disabled. (It can be enabled for a service by using cache_response: true option.)

Caching has following limitations:

  • Messages are stored in Redis stream.
  • There is a single stream of messages per user. This means that all services currently share the same cache. If needed, this could be extended to multiple streams per user (after checking with the infrastructure team that Redis can handle the estimated amount of messages).
  • Only the last 50 messages (requests + responses) are kept.
  • Expiration time of the stream is 3 days since adding last message.
  • User can access only their own messages. There is no authorization on the caching level, and any authorization (if accessed by not current user) is expected on the service layer.

Check if feature is allowed for this resource based on namespace settings

There is one setting allowed on root namespace level that restrict the use of AI features:

  • experiment_features_enabled

To check if that feature is allowed for a given namespace, call:

Gitlab::Llm::StageCheck.available?(namespace, :name_of_the_feature)

Add the name of the feature to the Gitlab::Llm::StageCheck class. There are arrays there that differentiate between experimental and beta features.

This way we are ready for the following different cases:

  • If the feature is not in any array, the check will return true. For example, the feature was moved to GA.

To move the feature from the experimental phase to the beta phase, move the name of the feature from the EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURES array to the BETA_FEATURES array.

Implement calls to AI APIs and the prompts

The CompletionWorker will call the Completions::Factory which will initialize the Service and execute the actual call to the API. In our example, we will use VertexAI and implement two new classes:

# /ee/lib/gitlab/llm/vertex_ai/completions/amazing_new_ai_feature.rb

module Gitlab
  module Llm
    module VertexAi
      module Completions
        class AmazingNewAiFeature < Gitlab::Llm::Completions::Base
          def execute
            prompt = ai_prompt_class.new(options[:user_input]).to_prompt

            response = Gitlab::Llm::VertexAi::Client.new(user).text(content: prompt)

            response_modifier = ::Gitlab::Llm::VertexAi::ResponseModifiers::Predictions.new(response)

            ::Gitlab::Llm::GraphqlSubscriptionResponseService.new(
              user, nil, response_modifier, options: response_options
            ).execute
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end
end
# /ee/lib/gitlab/llm/vertex_ai/templates/amazing_new_ai_feature.rb

module Gitlab
  module Llm
    module VertexAi
      module Templates
        class AmazingNewAiFeature
          def initialize(user_input)
            @user_input = user_input
          end

          def to_prompt
            <<~PROMPT
            You are an assistant that writes code for the following context:

            context: #{user_input}
            PROMPT
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

Because we support multiple AI providers, you may also use those providers for the same example:

Gitlab::Llm::VertexAi::Client.new(user)
Gitlab::Llm::Anthropic::Client.new(user)

Monitoring Ai Actions

  • Error ratio and response latency apdex for each Ai action can be found on Sidekiq Service dashboard under SLI Detail: llm_completion.
  • Spent tokens, usage of each Ai feature and other statistics can be found on periscope dashboard.

Add Ai Action to GraphQL

TODO

Security

Refer to the secure coding guidelines for Artificial Intelligence (AI) features.