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Troubleshooting

API Fuzzing job times out after N hours

The top two reasons for the API Fuzzing job timing out are slow operations (> 1 second) and using a single-CPU runner for API Fuzzing (GitLab shared runners are single-CPU). Before you can diagnose the problem further, the job must complete so the output can be analyzed. We recommend to start with a multi-CPU runner first, then exclude portions of your API operations until the job completes and the output can be further reviewed.

See the following documentation sections for assistance:

API Fuzzing job takes too long to complete

See Performance Tuning and Testing Speed

Error: Error waiting for API Fuzzing 'http://127.0.0.1:5000' to become available

A bug exists in versions of the API Fuzzing analyzer prior to v1.6.196 that can cause a background process to fail under certain conditions. The solution is to update to a newer version of the API Fuzzing analyzer.

The version information can be found in the job details for the apifuzzer_fuzz job.

If the issue is occurring with versions v1.6.196 or greater, contact Support and provide the following information:

  1. Reference this troubleshooting section and ask for the issue to be escalated to the Dynamic Analysis Team.
  2. The full console output of the job.
  3. The gl-api-security-scanner.log file available as a job artifact. In the right-hand panel of the job details page, select the Browse button.
  4. The apifuzzer_fuzz job definition from your .gitlab-ci.yml file.

Error message

  • In GitLab 15.6 and later, Error waiting for API Fuzzing 'http://127.0.0.1:5000' to become available
  • In GitLab 15.5 and earlier, Error waiting for API Security 'http://127.0.0.1:5000' to become available.

Failed to start session with scanner. Please retry, and if the problem persists reach out to support.

The API Fuzzing engine outputs an error message when it cannot establish a connection with the scanner application component. The error message is shown in the job output window of the apifuzzer_fuzz job. A common cause for this issue is that the background component cannot use the selected port as it's already in use. This error can occur intermittently if timing plays a part (race condition). This issue occurs most often with Kubernetes environments when other services are mapped into the container causing port conflicts.

Before proceeding with a solution, it is important to confirm that the error message was produced because the port was already taken. To confirm this was the cause:

  1. Go to the job console.

  2. Look for the artifact gl-api-security-scanner.log. You can either download all artifacts by selecting Download and then search for the file, or directly start searching by selecting Browse.

  3. Open the file gl-api-security-scanner.log in a text editor.

  4. If the error message was produced because the port was already taken, you should see in the file a message like the following:

  • In GitLab 15.5 and later:

    Failed to bind to address http://127.0.0.1:5500: address already in use.

  • In GitLab 15.4 and earlier:

    Failed to bind to address http://[::]:5000: address already in use.

The text http://[::]:5000 in the previous message could be different in your case, for instance it could be http://[::]:5500 or http://127.0.0.1:5500. As long as the remaining parts of the error message are the same, it is safe to assume the port was already taken.

If you did not find evidence that the port was already taken, check other troubleshooting sections which also address the same error message shown in the job console output. If there are no more options, feel free to get support or request an improvement through the proper channels.

Once you have confirmed the issue was produced because the port was already taken. Then, GitLab 15.5 and later introduced the configuration variable FUZZAPI_API_PORT. This configuration variable allows setting a fixed port number for the scanner background component.

Solution

  1. Ensure your .gitlab-ci.yml file defines the configuration variable FUZZAPI_API_PORT.
  2. Update the value of FUZZAPI_API_PORT to any available port number greater than 1024. We recommend checking that the new value is not in used by GitLab. See the full list of ports used by GitLab in Package defaults

Error, the OpenAPI document is not valid. Errors were found during validation of the document using the published OpenAPI schema

At the start of an API Fuzzing job the OpenAPI Specification is validated against the published schema. This error is shown when the provided OpenAPI Specification has validation errors. Errors can be introduced when creating an OpenAPI Specification manually, and also when the schema is generated.

For OpenAPI Specifications that are generated automatically validation errors are often the result of missing code annotations.

Error message

  • In GitLab 13.11 and later, Error, the OpenAPI document is not valid. Errors were found during validation of the document using the published OpenAPI schema
    • OpenAPI 2.0 schema validation error ...
    • OpenAPI 3.0.x schema validation error ...

Solution

For generated OpenAPI Specifications

  1. Identify the validation errors.
    1. Use the Swagger Editor to identify validation problems in your specification. The visual nature of the Swagger Editor makes it easier to understand what needs to change.
    2. Alternatively, you can check the log output and look for schema validation warnings. They are prefixed with messages such as OpenAPI 2.0 schema validation error or OpenAPI 3.0.x schema validation error. Each failed validation provides extra information about location and description. JSON Schema validation messages can be complex, and editors can help you validate schema documents.
  2. Review the documentation for the OpenAPI generation your framework/tech stack is using. Identify the changes needed to produce a correct OpenAPI document.
  3. After the validation issues are resolved, re-run your pipeline.

For manually created OpenAPI Specifications

  1. Identify the validation errors.
    1. The simplest solution is to use a visual tool to edit and validate the OpenAPI document. For example the Swagger Editor highlights schema errors and possible solutions.
    2. Alternatively, you can check the log output and look for schema validation warnings. They are prefixed with messages such as OpenAPI 2.0 schema validation error or OpenAPI 3.0.x schema validation error. Each failed validation provides extra information about location and description. Correct each of the validation failures and then resubmit the OpenAPI doc. JSON Schema validation messages can be complex, and editors can help you validate schema documents.
  2. After the validation issues are resolved, re-run your pipeline.

Failed to start scanner session (version header not found)

The API Fuzzing engine outputs an error message when it cannot establish a connection with the scanner application component. The error message is shown in the job output window of the apifuzzer_fuzz job. A common cause of this issue is changing the FUZZAPI_API variable from its default.

Error message

  • In GitLab 13.11 and later, Failed to start scanner session (version header not found).
  • In GitLab 13.10 and earlier, API Security version header not found. Are you sure that you are connecting to the API Security server?.

Solution

  • Remove the FUZZAPI_API variable from the .gitlab-ci.yml file. The value is inherited from the API Fuzzing CI/CD template. We recommend this method instead of manually setting a value.
  • If removing the variable is not possible, check to see if this value has changed in the latest version of the API Fuzzing CI/CD template. If so, update the value in the .gitlab-ci.yml file.

Application cannot determine the base URL for the target API

The API Fuzzing analyzer outputs an error message when it cannot determine the target API after inspecting the OpenAPI document. This error message is shown when the target API has not been set in the .gitlab-ci.ymlfile, it is not available in the environment_url.txt file, and it could not be computed using the OpenAPI document.

There is an order of precedence in which the API Fuzzing analyzer tries to get the target API when checking the different sources. First, it tries to use the FUZZAPI_TARGET_URL. If the environment variable has not been set, then the API Fuzzing analyzer attempts to use the environment_url.txt file. If there is no file environment_url.txt, the API Fuzzing analyzer now uses the OpenAPI document contents and the URL provided in FUZZAPI_OPENAPI (if a URL is provided) to try to compute the target API.

The best-suited solution depends on whether or not your target API changes for each deployment:

Static environment solution

This solution is for pipelines in which the target API URL doesn't change (is static).

Add environmental variable

For environments where the target API remains the same, we recommend you specify the target URL by using the FUZZAPI_TARGET_URL environment variable. In your .gitlab-ci.yml file, add a variable FUZZAPI_TARGET_URL. The variable must be set to the base URL of API testing target. For example:

stages:
  - fuzz

include:
  - template: API-Fuzzing.gitlab-ci.yml

variables:
  FUZZAPI_TARGET_URL: http://test-deployment/
  FUZZAPI_OPENAPI: test-api-specification.json

Dynamic environment solutions

In a dynamic environment your target API changes for each different deployment. In this case, there is more than one possible solution, we recommend to use the environment_url.txt file when dealing with dynamic environments.

Use environment_url.txt

To support dynamic environments in which the target API URL changes during each pipeline, API Fuzzing supports the use of an environment_url.txt file that contains the URL to use. This file is not checked into the repository, instead it's created during the pipeline by the job that deploys the test target and collected as an artifact that can be used by later jobs in the pipeline. The job that creates the environment_url.txt file must run before the API Fuzzing job.

  1. Modify the test target deployment job adding the base URL in an environment_url.txt file at the root of your project.
  2. Modify the test target deployment job collecting the environment_url.txt as an artifact.

Example:

deploy-test-target:
  script:
    # Perform deployment steps
    # Create environment_url.txt (example)
    - echo http://${CI_PROJECT_ID}-${CI_ENVIRONMENT_SLUG}.example.org > environment_url.txt

  artifacts:
    paths:
      - environment_url.txt

Use OpenAPI with an invalid schema

There are cases where the document is autogenerated with an invalid schema or cannot be edited manually in a timely manner. In those scenarios, the API Fuzzing is able to perform a relaxed validation by setting the variable FUZZAPI_OPENAPI_RELAXED_VALIDATION. We recommend providing a fully compliant OpenAPI document to prevent unexpected behaviors.

Edit a non-compliant OpenAPI file

To detect and correct elements that don't comply with the OpenAPI specifications, we recommend using an editor. An editor commonly provides document validation, and suggestions to create a schema-compliant OpenAPI document. Suggested editors include:

Editor OpenAPI 2.0 OpenAPI 3.0.x OpenAPI 3.1.x
Swagger Editor {check-circle} YAML, JSON {check-circle} YAML, JSON {dotted-circle} YAML, JSON
Stoplight Studio {check-circle} YAML, JSON {check-circle} YAML, JSON {check-circle} YAML, JSON

If your OpenAPI document is generated manually, load your document in the editor and fix anything that is non-compliant. If your document is generated automatically, load it in your editor to identify the issues in the schema, then go to the application and perform the corrections based on the framework you are using.

Enable OpenAPI relaxed validation

Relaxed validation is meant for cases when the OpenAPI document cannot meet OpenAPI specifications, but it still has enough content to be consumed by different tools. A validation is performed but less strictly in regards to document schema.

API Fuzzing can still try to consume an OpenAPI document that does not fully comply with OpenAPI specifications. To instruct API Fuzzing analyzer to perform a relaxed validation, set the variable FUZZAPI_OPENAPI_RELAXED_VALIDATION to any value, for example:

stages:
  - fuzz

include:
  - template: API-Fuzzing.gitlab-ci.yml

variables:
  FUZZAPI_PROFILE: Quick-10
  FUZZAPI_TARGET_URL: http://test-deployment/
  FUZZAPI_OPENAPI: test-api-specification.json
  FUZZAPI_OPENAPI_RELAXED_VALIDATION: 'On'

No operation in the OpenAPI document is consuming any supported media type

API Fuzzing uses the specified media types in the OpenAPI document to generate requests. If no request can be created due to the lack of supported media types, then an error is thrown.

Error message

  • In GitLab 14.10 and later, Error, no operation in the OpenApi document is consuming any supported media type. Check 'OpenAPI Specification' to check the supported media types.

Solution

  1. Review the supported media types in the OpenAPI Specification section.
  2. Edit your OpenAPI document, allowing at least a given operation to accept any of the supported media types. Alternatively, a supported media type could be set in the OpenAPI document level and get applied to all operations. This step may require changes in your application to ensure the supported media type is accepted by the application.

Error, error occurred trying to download `<URL>`: There was an error when retrieving content from Uri:' <URL>'. Error:The SSL connection could not be established, see inner exception.

API fuzzing is compatible with a broad range of TLS configurations, including outdated protocols and ciphers. Despite broad support, you might encounter connection errors. This error occurs because API fuzzing could not establish a secure connection with the server at the given URL.

To resolve the issue:

If the host in the error message supports non-TLS connections, change https:// to http:// in your configuration. For example, if an error occurs with the following configuration:

stages:
  - fuzz

include:
  - template: API-Fuzzing.gitlab-ci.yml

variables:
  FUZZAPI_TARGET_URL: https://test-deployment/
  FUZZAPI_OPENAPI: https://specs/openapi.json

Change the prefix of FUZZAPI_OPENAPI from https:// to http://:

stages:
  - fuzz

include:
  - template: API-Fuzzing.gitlab-ci.yml

variables:
  FUZZAPI_TARGET_URL: https://test-deployment/
  FUZZAPI_OPENAPI: http://specs/openapi.json

If you cannot use a non-TLS connection to access the URL, contact the Support team for help.

You can expedite the investigation with the testssl.sh tool. From a machine with a bash shell and connectivity to the affected server:

  1. Download the latest release zip or tar.gz file and extract from https://github.com/drwetter/testssl.sh/releases.
  2. Run ./testssl.sh --log https://specs.
  3. Attach the log file to your support ticket.

ERROR: Job failed: failed to pull image

This error message occurs when pulling an image from a container registry that requires authentication to access (it is not public).

In the job console output the error looks like:

Running with gitlab-runner 15.6.0~beta.186.ga889181a (a889181a)
  on blue-2.shared.runners-manager.gitlab.com/default XxUrkriX
Resolving secrets
00:00
Preparing the "docker+machine" executor
00:06
Using Docker executor with image registry.gitlab.com/security-products/api-security:2 ...
Starting service registry.example.com/my-target-app:latest ...
Pulling docker image registry.example.com/my-target-app:latest ...
WARNING: Failed to pull image with policy "always": Error response from daemon: Get https://registry.example.com/my-target-app/manifests/latest: unauthorized (manager.go:237:0s)
ERROR: Job failed: failed to pull image "registry.example.com/my-target-app:latest" with specified policies [always]: Error response from daemon: Get https://registry.example.com/my-target-app/manifests/latest: unauthorized (manager.go:237:0s)

Error message

  • In GitLab 15.9 and earlier, ERROR: Job failed: failed to pull image followed by Error response from daemon: Get IMAGE: unauthorized.

Solution

Authentication credentials are provided using the methods outlined in the Access an image from a private container registry documentation section. The method used is dictated by your container registry provider and its configuration. If your using a container registry provided by a third party, such as a cloud provider (Azure, Google Could (GCP), AWS and so on), check the providers documentation for information on how to authenticate to their container registries.

The following example uses the statically defined credentials authentication method. In this example the container registry is registry.example.com and image is my-target-app:latest.

  1. Read how to Determine your DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG data to understand how to compute the variable value for DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG. The configuration variable DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG contains the Docker JSON configuration to provide the appropriate authentication information. For example, to access private container registry: registry.example.com with the credentials abcdefghijklmn, the Docker JSON looks like:

    {
    "auths": {
        "registry.example.com": {
            "auth": "abcdefghijklmn"
        }
    }
}

  2. Add the DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG as a CI/CD variable. Instead of adding the configuration variable directly in your .gitlab-ci.yml file you should create a project CI/CD variable.

  3. Rerun your job, and the statically-defined credentials are now used to sign in to the private container registry registry.example.com, and let you pull the image my-target-app:latest. If succeeded the job console shows an output like:

    Running with gitlab-runner 15.6.0~beta.186.ga889181a (a889181a)
  on blue-4.shared.runners-manager.gitlab.com/default J2nyww-s
Resolving secrets
00:00
Preparing the "docker+machine" executor
00:56
Using Docker executor with image registry.gitlab.com/security-products/api-security:2 ...
Starting service registry.example.com/my-target-app:latest ...
Authenticating with credentials from $DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG
Pulling docker image registry.example.com/my-target-app:latest ...
Using docker image sha256:139c39668e5e4417f7d0eb0eeb74145ba862f4f3c24f7c6594ecb2f82dc4ad06 for registry.example.com/my-target-app:latest with digest registry.example.com/my-target-
app@sha256:2b69fc7c3627dbd0ebaa17674c264fcd2f2ba21ed9552a472acf8b065d39039c ...
Waiting for services to be up and running (timeout 30 seconds)...